General information:

Acute respiratory infection is a common disease worldwide. Its clinical manifestations mainly include rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, and other symptoms. More severe cases may lead to tracheitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Acute respiratory infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during winter and spring, particularly among young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. It has been proven that 80% of acute upper respiratory tract infections and most lower respiratory tract infections are caused by non-bacterial pathogens, with respiratory viruses being the most common.

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The main symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Other manifestations may include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, myalgia, and diarrhea. The primary source of infection is infected individuals, including asymptomatic carriers.

Rhinoviruses (RhV) typically cause upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold in adults. In infants, young children, and patients with chronic respiratory diseases, in addition to upper respiratory tract infections, RhV may also cause bronchitis and bronchopneumonia.

Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses. Influenza viruses can cause mild to severe illness. Elderly individuals, young children, and people with underlying medical conditions are at higher risk of severe disease and complications. The two main influenza virus types, Influenza A and B, circulate in the population and are characterized by seasonal outbreaks.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children. It is mainly transmitted via droplets or direct contact. The peak transmission period occurs between November and April.

Human Adenoviruses (ADV) represent an important group of etiological agents responsible for various diseases in adults and children, including respiratory, ocular, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections. In immunocompromised individuals and organ transplant recipients, adenoviruses may cause disseminated infections.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.P) is a globally distributed infection occurring throughout the year, most commonly during colder months. Clinical diagnosis is often challenging due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms, although most cases present with progressively worsening cough, malaise, low-grade fever, and headache.

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) primarily causes mild and self-limiting infections. Some patients may require hospitalization due to complications such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

Parainfluenza Viruses (PIV) commonly cause lower respiratory tract infections in children, as well as recurrent upper respiratory tract infections such as colds and sore throat. In adults and immunocompromised patients, they may also cause severe recurrent lower respiratory tract diseases, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common cause of respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis. S. aureus may also cause complications such as abscesses or sepsis, making early diagnosis and appropriate treatment essential.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.p) is a leading cause of pneumonia, sinusitis, and bronchitis, most commonly affecting children, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases. The infection may range from mild to severe and, in some cases, may require hospitalization. Vaccination significantly reduces the risk of severe disease and complications.

Legionella pneumophila (L.p) causes legionellosis, which primarily manifests as pneumonia and is often transmitted through contaminated water sources. The disease may be severe, especially in elderly individuals, smokers, and immunocompromised patients. Typical symptoms include cough, high fever, muscle pain, and general malaise. Early treatment improves prognosis.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) causes respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis, particularly in hospitalized patients. This bacterium is known for its high antibiotic resistance, which complicates treatment. Patients with chronic diseases, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly are most affected, making rapid diagnosis crucial for effective therapy.

Intended use:

VBM13 Respiratory 13 Pathogen – SARS-CoV-2 / RhV / PIV / Influenza A/B / RSV / ADV / hMPV / S. aureus / S.p / L.p / Kpn / M.P Antigen Combo Test Kit is intended for the simultaneous qualitative detection and differentiation of antigens of SARS-CoV-2, Rhinovirus (RhV), Parainfluenza Virus 1/3 (PIV 1/3), Parainfluenza Virus 2 (PIV 2), Influenza A, Influenza B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Adenovirus (ADV), Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.p), Legionella pneumophila (L.p), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. P) in nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal specimens.

Advantages:

• Rapid results – within 12 minutes
• Easy to use – only 3 simple steps
• Compatible with nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal samples
• All necessary reagents included (individually packed)
• High sensitivity and specificity

Content:

• Test cassettes (individually packed)
• Sterile swabs (individually packed)
• Extraction tubes with dropper caps and sample processing buffer (individually packed)
• Instructions for use
• CE IVD certification